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Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from biology and philosophy, was the first person to ever call himself a psychologist.〔Carlson, Neil and Heth, C. Donald (2010) ''Psychology the Science of Behaviour''. Pearson Education Inc. ISBN 0205547869. p. 18〕 He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology".〔("Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt" ) in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.〕〔Butler-Bowdon, Tom (2007). (''50 Psychology Classics'' ). Nicholas Brealey Publishing. ISBN 1857884736. p. 2.〕 In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study.〔 A ''Review of General Psychology'' survey, published in 2002, ranked Wundt as the 93rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century, tied with Edwin Boring, John Dewey, and Amos Tversky. By creating this laboratory he was able to explore the nature of religious beliefs, identify mental disorders and abnormal behavior, and find damaged parts of the brain. In doing so, he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien, in the year 1881. Wundt concentrated on three areas of mental functioning; thoughts, images and feelings. These are the basic areas studied today in Cognitive psychology. This means that the study of perceptual processes can be traced back to Wundt. Wundt’s work stimulated interest in cognitive psychology.〔 McLeod, Saul. "Wilhelm Wundt – Father of Psychology." Simply Psychology. 2008. Web. 28 May 2015. 〕 ==Biography== Wundt was born at Neckarau, Baden (now part of Mannheim) on 16 August 1832, the fourth child to parents Maximilian Wundt (a Lutheran minister), and his wife Marie Frederike, née Arnold (1797–1868). Wundt's paternal grandfather was Friedrich Peter Wundt (1742–1805), Professor of Geography and pastor in Wieblingen.〔Lamberti, Georg (1995) ''Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt 1832–1920. Leben, Werk und Persönlichkeit in Bildern und Texten.'' Deutscher Psychologen Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 3-925559-83-3''.〕 When Wundt was about four years of age, his family moved to Heidelsheim, then a small medieval town in Baden-Württemberg. Wundt studied from 1851 to 1856 at the University of Tübingen, at the University of Heidelberg, and at the University of Berlin. After graduating in medicine from Heidelberg (1856), Wundt studied briefly with Johannes Peter Müller, before joining the University's staff, becoming an assistant to the physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1858.〔(Wilhelm Wundt Psychology 1 ). Wilhelmwundt.com. Retrieved on 29 June 2015.〕 There he wrote ''Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception'' (1858–62).〔("Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt" ) in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', section on "Life and Times".〕 In 1865, he wrote a textbook about human physiology. However, his main interest was not in physiology but in the medical field of pathological anatomy.〔 In 1867 he became a professor in acquainting medical students with the exact physical needs for medical investigation. In 1874, he became a professor of "Inductive Philosophy" in Zurich. In 1867, near Heidelberg, Wundt met Sophie Mau (1844–1912). She was the eldest daughter of the Kiel theology professor Heinrich August Mau and his wife Louise, née von Rumohr, and a sister of the archaeologist August Mau. They married on 14 August 1872 in Kiel.〔 The couple had three children: Eleanor ( *1876–1957 ), Lily (1880–1884), and Max Wundt (1879–1963), who became a philosopher. During Wundt's time at the University of Heidelberg he offered the first course ever taught in scientific psychology, all the while stressing the use of experimental methods drawn from the natural sciences, emphasizing the physiological relationship of the human brain and the mind. His background in physiology would have a great effect on his approach to the new science of psychology. His lectures on psychology were published as ''Lectures on the Mind of Humans and Animals'' in 1863–1864. He was promoted to Assistant Professor of Physiology at Heidelberg in 1864.〔 Weber (1795–1878) and Fechner (1801–1887), who worked at Leipzig, inspired Wundt's interest in psychology. Wundt applied himself to writing a work that came to be one of the most important in the history of psychology, ''Principles of Physiological Psychology'' in 1874. This was the first textbook that was written pertaining to the field of psychology.〔 Wundt claimed that the book was "an attempt to mark out () as a new domain of science".〔Francher, 1979, p. 126〕 The ''Principles'' utilized a system of psychology that sought to investigate the immediate experiences of consciousness, including feelings, emotions, volitions and ideas, mainly explored through Wundt's system of "internal perception", or the self-examination of conscious experience by objective observation of one's consciousness. In 1875, Wundt moved to Leipzig. In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt opened the first laboratory ever to be exclusively devoted to psychological studies, and this event marked the official birth of psychology as an independent field of study. The new lab was full of graduate students carrying out research on topics assigned by Wundt, and it soon attracted young scholars from all over the world who were eager to learn about the new science that Wundt had developed.〔Schacter, Daniel. L "Psychology"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wilhelm Wundt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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